Population

This geography chapter studies the people of India, who are the country's greatest resource. You will learn that according to the Census of 2011, India had about 1,210.6 million people, about 17.5 percent of the world's population, living on only 2.4 percent of the world's area. You will see how population is unevenly distributed: Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state, while Sikkim and Lakshadweep have very few people. The average population density in 2011 was 382 persons per square km, ranging from over 1,000 in Bihar to just 17 in Arunachal Pradesh. You will study population growth, which depends on birth rates, death rates and migration, and learn the difference between absolute increase and the rate of growth. You will also examine the age composition, the sex ratio of 940 females per 1,000 males in 2011, the literacy rate of about 74 percent, and the occupational structure. Finally, you will learn about health, adolescents, and the National Population Policy 2000, which aims to improve the quality of life of the people.

Detailed Worksheet: Population Section A - Definitions (10 marks) 1. What is population density? How is it calculated? (2 marks) 2. Distinguish between birth rate and death rate. (2 marks) 3. What is the sex ratio? What was it in India in 2011? (2 marks) 4. What is migration? Name its two types. (2 marks) 5. Who is considered literate according to the Census of 2011? (2 marks) Section B - Calculations and Applications (15 marks) 6. A district has a population of 18,00,000 and an area of 4,500 sq km. Find its population density. Is it higher or lower than India's average of 382 per sq km in 2011? (3 marks) 7. India's population was 1,028.7 million in 2001 and 1,210.6 million in 2011. Find the absolute increase and the decadal growth rate, correct to one decimal place. (3 marks) 8. A town has a birth rate of 24 per thousand and a death rate of 8 per thousand. Its population is 50,000. Find the number of births, deaths and the natural increase in a year. (3 marks) 9. A village has 2,400 males and 2,256 females. Find the sex ratio. Compare it with the national figure of 940 for 2011. (3 marks) 10. A state has 80 lakh people aged 7 and above, of whom 60 lakh are literate. Find the literacy rate. If the male literacy rate is 85% and there are 40 lakh males, find the number of literate females and the female literacy rate. (3 marks) Section C - Diagrams (10 marks) 11. On an outline map of India, mark the most populous state, the least populous state, the state with the highest density and the state with the lowest density. (4 marks) 12. Draw a bar graph showing India's population in 1951 at 361 million, 1981 at 683 million, 2001 at 1,029 million and 2011 at 1,211 million. (3 marks) 13. Draw a pie chart showing the age composition with children at 30%, working age at 62% and aged at 8%. (3 marks) Section D - Analysis and Higher-order Thinking (15 marks) 14. Explain the factors that cause uneven distribution of population in India. Give examples of densely and sparsely populated regions. (5 marks) 15. Describe the three processes of population change. How has migration affected the population of cities? (5 marks) 16. Explain the age composition and occupational structure of India's population. Why are adolescents an important group? (5 marks) Instructions: Time allowed 2 hours. Attempt all sections. Show all calculations clearly and use census data carefully.