Chemical Coordination and Integration quiz

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland?

Insulin is secreted by the:

Which hormone stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth?

Graves' disease is caused by:

Addison's disease is due to deficiency of hormones of the:

Parathyroid hormone increases the level of blood:

Erythropoietin is secreted by the:

Excess growth hormone in adults causes:

Which hormone acts through intracellular receptors?

Thymosins help in the differentiation of:

Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands. (2 marks)

What are the functions of the posterior pituitary? (2 marks)

Why is the thymus important in children? (2 marks)

What are the effects of thyroid hormone deficiency during pregnancy? (2 marks)

How do glucocorticoids affect metabolism? (2 marks)

What is the role of aldosterone? (2 marks)

What is the role of the corpus luteum? (2 marks)

What is the function of secretin? (2 marks)

How does prolonged hyperglycemia lead to diabetes mellitus? (2 marks)

What are the functions of the Leydig cells? (2 marks)

A tumour causes a person's thyroxine level to rise to 3 times the normal value of 8 micrograms per dL. Calculate the new level, and name the condition. (3 marks)

A person's blood calcium falls from 10 mg/dL to 8 mg/dL. Calculate the percentage fall. Which hormone would be secreted to correct it? (3 marks)

A child's normal growth is 6 cm per year. Due to GH deficiency it slows to 2 cm per year. Calculate the loss in height over 5 years. (3 marks)

A person excretes 6 litres of urine per day due to insufficient ADH. If normal output is 1.5 litres, calculate the extra water lost per week. (3 marks)

Adrenaline raises heart rate from 72 to 120 beats per minute. Calculate the percentage increase. (3 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. A 12-year-old boy was unusually tall for his age. Doctors found that his pituitary was secreting excess growth hormone. His father, aged 45, had enlarged hands, feet and jaw due to a similar problem that began after he stopped growing. (i) Name the boy's condition. (ii) Name the father's condition. (iii) Why are the effects different? (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. In a village in the hills, many people had swelling of the neck. Their diet lacked iodine. Some children born there were stunted and had poor mental development. (i) Name the swelling and its cause. (ii) Name the disorder of the children. (iii) How can it be prevented? (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. The adrenal glands are located one at the anterior part of each kidney. The gland is composed of two types of tissues: the centrally located adrenal medulla and the outer adrenal cortex. The adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline, commonly called catecholamines. (i) Why are catecholamines called emergency hormones? (ii) Name the three layers of the adrenal cortex. (iii) What is the function of glucocorticoids? (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. The pancreas is a composite gland which acts as both exocrine and endocrine gland. The endocrine pancreas consists of islets of Langerhans. The two main types of cells in the islets are alpha cells and beta cells. Glucagon is a peptide hormone and plays an important role in maintaining normal blood glucose levels. (i) What is the action of glucagon? (ii) What is the action of insulin? (iii) What is diabetes mellitus and how is it treated? (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. Hormones produce their effects on target tissues by binding to specific proteins called hormone receptors located in the target tissues only. Hormone receptors present on the cell membrane are called membrane-bound receptors, and those present inside the target cell are called intracellular receptors. (i) Name two hormones acting via membrane-bound receptors. (ii) How do steroid hormones act? (iii) What is the role of cAMP? (5 marks)

Describe the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Name the hormones of the pituitary and their functions. Draw a diagram. (6 marks)

Describe the thyroid and parathyroid glands, their hormones and functions, and disorders caused by their malfunction. (6 marks)

Describe the structure of the adrenal gland. Explain the hormones of the adrenal medulla and cortex and their functions. (6 marks)

Explain the endocrine functions of the pancreas, testis and ovary. How is blood glucose regulated? (6 marks)

Describe the hormones of the heart, kidney and gastrointestinal tract. Explain the mechanism of hormone action with diagrams. (6 marks)