Locomotion and Movement quiz

The total number of bones in the adult human body is:

The functional unit of contraction of a muscle is the:

The light band in a muscle fibre is the:

Calcium ions bind to which protein during muscle contraction?

The joint between the atlas and axis vertebrae is a:

The number of floating ribs in humans is:

Which of these is an autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction?

The cup-shaped cavity for the head of the femur is the:

Which muscle fibres have high myoglobin content?

The bone forming the kneecap is the:

What are the three types of movement in human cells? (2 marks)

Distinguish between skeletal and visceral muscles. (2 marks)

What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum? (2 marks)

What is the role of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction? (2 marks)

Why does the H zone disappear during maximal contraction? (2 marks)

What is meant by a 'cross-bridge'? (2 marks)

What are the functions of the skeletal system? (2 marks)

What is tetany? (2 marks)

What is the difference between the pectoral and pelvic girdles? (2 marks)

What is gout? (2 marks)

A muscle shortens from 20 cm to 16 cm during contraction. Calculate the percentage shortening. If each sarcomere shortens by the same percentage, calculate the new length of a 2.5 micrometre sarcomere. (3 marks)

Count the bones of the axial skeleton: skull 29, vertebrae 26, sternum 1 and ribs. Calculate the total if there are 12 pairs of ribs. (3 marks)

Calculate the number of bones in the appendicular skeleton, using 30 bones in each limb and 4 bones in the two pectoral girdles and 2 in the pelvic girdle. (3 marks)

A person lifts a 10 kg mass through 0.5 m twenty times. Calculate the work done (g = 10 m/s^2). Why does lactic acid accumulate in the muscles? (3 marks)

A muscle fibre is 4 cm long, and each sarcomere is 2.5 micrometres long. Calculate the number of sarcomeres along its length. (3 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. A student studied a skeletal muscle fibre under an electron microscope. She observed alternate dark and light bands. In the centre of each dark band was a lighter zone and a thin line, while each light band was bisected by a dark line. (i) Name the dark and light bands. (ii) Name the lighter zone and the line in the dark band. (iii) Name the line that bisects the light band. (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. Muscle contraction is initiated by a signal sent by the CNS via a motor neuron. A motor neuron along with the muscle fibres connected to it constitutes a motor unit. A neural signal reaching the neuromuscular junction releases a neurotransmitter, which generates an action potential in the sarcolemma. (i) Name the neurotransmitter. (ii) What is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum? (iii) Explain how the myosin head pulls actin. (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. A 60-year-old woman suffered a fracture after a minor fall. Tests showed decreased bone mass. Doctors said this was common after menopause due to reduced estrogen levels. (i) Name the disorder. (ii) Why does reduced estrogen cause it? (iii) Suggest two preventive measures. (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. The human skeleton is divided into the axial and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton comprises 80 bones distributed along the main axis of the body. The skull, vertebral column, sternum and ribs constitute it. The appendicular skeleton includes bones of the limbs and the girdles. (i) How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton? (ii) Which bone forms the shoulder blade? (iii) What is the role of the vertebral column? (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. Synovial joints are characterised by the presence of a fluid-filled synovial cavity between the articulating surfaces of the two bones. Such an arrangement allows considerable movement. These joints help in locomotion and many other movements. (i) Name the joint at the knee. (ii) Name the joint between the humerus and the pectoral girdle. (iii) Name the joint between the carpal and metacarpal of the thumb. (5 marks)

Describe the types of movement shown by cells of the human body. Compare the three types of muscle tissue with diagrams. (6 marks)

Describe the structure of a skeletal muscle fibre and a sarcomere with labelled diagrams. Explain the structure of contractile proteins. (6 marks)

Explain the mechanism of muscle contraction according to the sliding filament theory with diagrams. (6 marks)

Describe the axial skeleton of humans with diagrams, including the skull, vertebral column, sternum and ribs. (6 marks)

Describe the appendicular skeleton and the types of joints with examples. Explain two disorders of the skeletal system. (6 marks)