Employment quiz

A worker is one who:

The largest share of Indian workers is:

Disguised unemployment is most common in:

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was passed in:

An enterprise in the formal sector employs at least:

Seasonal unemployment occurs when people:

The worker-population ratio is higher in:

Which sector of the economy employs the largest share of Indian workers?

A person who works on a daily wage basis without job security is a:

Jobless growth means:

Why are women in rural areas often counted as workers? (2 marks)

What is the difference between the labour force and the workforce? (2 marks)

Why is the share of regular salaried employment higher in urban areas? (2 marks)

What is meant by casualisation of the workforce? (2 marks)

Distinguish between the formal and informal sectors. (2 marks)

What are the main sources of data on employment in India? (2 marks)

Why do people prefer regular salaried jobs? (2 marks)

How does MGNREGA help rural workers? (2 marks)

What is open unemployment? (2 marks)

Why is self-employment high in rural India? (2 marks)

A country has a population of 140 crore and a workforce of 49 crore. Calculate the worker-population ratio. (3 marks)

In a city, 30% of 2 lakh workers are casual labourers. Calculate the number of casual labourers. (3 marks)

A factory employs 120 workers: 30 permanent and 90 contract workers. Calculate the percentage of contract workers and explain what this shows about informalisation. (3 marks)

GDP grew at 7% per year and employment at 2% per year over a decade. Calculate the gap and explain what it indicates. (3 marks)

Under MGNREGA, a household gets 100 days of work at Rs 250 per day. If 4 crore households work for the full 100 days, calculate the total wage payment. (3 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. Ramu lives in a village and owns a small plot of land. He, his wife and two sons work on the plot. Even if one son leaves, the output of the farm will not fall. During the off-season, Ramu works as a construction labourer in the nearby town. (i) What type of unemployment exists on Ramu's farm? (ii) What type of worker is Ramu during the off-season? (iii) Suggest one way to provide jobs to his son in the village. (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. In recent years, the number of workers in the formal sector has grown slowly, while many new jobs have been created in the informal sector. Many enterprises in the formal sector have also begun to hire contract workers rather than permanent employees. (i) What is the formal sector? (ii) Why do firms prefer contract workers? (iii) What problems do informal workers face? (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. Data show that the worker-population ratio for women is about one-third of that for men. Many women do household work, which is not counted as economic activity. In rural areas, women work on family farms and in animal husbandry. (i) Why is household work not counted in GDP? (ii) Why is the participation of women in urban areas low? (iii) Suggest two measures to raise women's employment. (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. Over the decades, India's GDP has grown rapidly, but employment has grown slowly. The share of agriculture in GDP has fallen sharply, but the share of workers in agriculture has fallen less. Many new jobs are in services, often informal. (i) What is this pattern called? (ii) Why has employment in industry not grown fast? (iii) Suggest one measure to create more jobs. (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. The government has created employment through direct and indirect means. It employs people in various departments and runs public sector enterprises. It also runs programmes for poverty alleviation and employment generation, such as MGNREGA. (i) How does government create employment directly? (ii) What is indirect employment generation? (iii) Explain one feature of MGNREGA. (5 marks)

Explain the concepts of worker, workforce and worker-population ratio. Compare the participation of men and women and of rural and urban people in the workforce. (6 marks)

Explain the distribution of workers by status: self-employed, regular salaried and casual. Draw a pie chart with illustrative data. (6 marks)

Explain the distribution of employment across the three sectors. What changes have taken place, and why is the shift away from agriculture slow? (6 marks)

Explain casualisation and informalisation of the workforce. Distinguish between the formal and informal sectors. (6 marks)

What are the types of unemployment in India? Explain the government's role in employment generation, with reference to MGNREGA. (6 marks)