Human Health and Disease quiz

Widal test is used to confirm:

The infective stage of Plasmodium that enters the human body through a mosquito bite is the:

Elephantiasis is caused by:

The antibody present in colostrum that gives passive immunity to the infant is:

Which of the following is a primary lymphoid organ?

HIV mainly attacks:

Heroin is chemically:

The property of normal cells that is lost in cancer cells is:

The toxin released by Plasmodium that causes chills and high fever is:

Rheumatoid arthritis is an example of:

Why is the common cold not a disease of the lungs? Name its pathogen. (2 marks)

Who was Typhoid Mary? What does her case show about the spread of typhoid? (2 marks)

Name two fungal genera responsible for ringworm and state two conditions that favour their growth. (2 marks)

How do houseflies help in spreading amoebiasis? (2 marks)

Why is a macrophage called an HIV factory? (2 marks)

What are proto-oncogenes? How can they cause cancer? (2 marks)

Distinguish between active and passive immunity with one example each. (2 marks)

What is MALT? What fraction of lymphoid tissue in the human body does it constitute? (2 marks)

How does cocaine affect the nervous system? Name the plant from which it is obtained. (2 marks)

Why do organ transplants require tissue matching and immunosuppressants? (2 marks)

Plasmodium vivax causes fever every 48 hours. If a patient had the first bout of fever at 6 AM on Monday, on which days and at what time would the next three bouts occur, assuming the cycle is regular? Which stage of the parasite causes each bout? (3 marks)

In a school of 1,200 students, 72 developed ringworm during the monsoon and 18 in winter. Calculate the percentage incidence in each season and explain the difference. (3 marks)

A vaccine schedule requires a primary dose and a booster after 4 weeks. Antibody titre after the primary dose is 40 units. If the booster produces a response 8 times stronger, calculate the titre after the booster. Which property of acquired immunity explains this? (3 marks)

In a city, ELISA tests on 50,000 blood samples showed 150 HIV-positive samples. Calculate the prevalence as a percentage and per 1,000 people. Name the government body that runs AIDS awareness in India. (3 marks)

Each antibody molecule has two antigen-binding sites. How many antigen molecules can 5,000 antibody molecules bind at most? If IgM is a pentamer of five such units, how many binding sites does one IgM have? (3 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. After the rainy season, several people in a village near a stagnant pond developed high fever with chills every alternate day. Blood tests showed parasites inside red blood cells. (i) Name the disease and the pathogen. (ii) Name the vector and state why the pond is important for it. (iii) Suggest two community-level control measures, including a biological one. (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. A student developed sneezing, watery eyes and a running nose every time he visited a dusty library. His doctor prescribed antihistamines and advised him to avoid dust. (i) What is this condition called? (ii) Explain the role of IgE and mast cells in it. (iii) Why did the doctor prescribe antihistamines? (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. A patient was diagnosed with a lump in the breast. A biopsy and histopathological study confirmed cancer. The doctor said the tumour had not spread to other organs and recommended surgery followed by radiotherapy. (i) Name two other methods used to detect cancer. (ii) What would it mean if the tumour had spread? (iii) Why is chemotherapy often accompanied by side effects like hair loss? (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. A truck driver who frequently received blood transfusions after accidents tested positive for HIV. Over the next several years he suffered repeated infections and lost weight. (i) How might he have contracted HIV? (ii) Why did he suffer repeated infections after many years? (iii) Which test confirms HIV infection? (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. A 16-year-old student started using cannabis to cope with exam stress. His grades fell, he became isolated and he started stealing money from home. (i) Name the active chemicals in cannabis and their main effect. (ii) State two warning signs of drug abuse shown in the passage. (iii) Suggest two ways his parents and teachers can help him. (5 marks)

Describe the life cycle of Plasmodium with a labelled diagram. Explain why the disease is called malaria and how it can be controlled. (6 marks)

Explain the different types of barriers of innate immunity. Draw a labelled diagram of an antibody molecule and explain the humoral immune response. (6 marks)

Describe the replication of HIV in the human body with a labelled diagram, and explain how AIDS develops. Suggest preventive measures. (6 marks)

Describe the human lymphoid system. Draw a labelled diagram showing the location of primary and secondary lymphoid organs and explain their functions. (6 marks)

Explain the causes, detection and treatment of cancer. Draw a flowchart showing how carcinogens convert a normal cell into a metastasising cancer cell. (6 marks)