Human Reproduction quiz

Leydig cells secrete:

Each testis has about:

Fertilisation in humans takes place in the:

The hormone responsible for ovulation is:

The second meiotic division of the secondary oocyte is completed:

The embryo with 8 to 16 blastomeres is called a:

Which hormone is produced only during pregnancy?

The layer of the uterus that undergoes cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle is the:

The structure in the sperm that contains enzymes to help fertilisation is the:

Which of the following is NOT a male accessory gland?

Why are the testes located outside the abdominal cavity? (2 marks)

What are the functions of Sertoli cells? (2 marks)

Name the parts of the oviduct in order from the ovary to the uterus. (2 marks)

What is menarche? At what age does menopause usually occur? (2 marks)

How is polyspermy prevented during fertilisation? (2 marks)

What is the role of the trophoblast in implantation? (2 marks)

Mention the changes seen in the foetus by the end of the first month and the end of the second month of pregnancy. (2 marks)

State the roles of LH and FSH in males. (2 marks)

What is the function of the corpus luteum? (2 marks)

Why does the absence of menstruation indicate pregnancy? Give one other cause of missed menstruation. (2 marks)

How many sperms will be formed from 25 primary spermatocytes, and how many secondary spermatocytes are formed from them? How many ova and polar bodies (assuming the first polar body divides) are formed from 25 primary oocytes? (3 marks)

A woman with a regular 30-day cycle starts menstruation on 5 June. Assuming the luteal phase is fixed at 14 days, calculate the expected day of ovulation and the date. (3 marks)

A semen sample has 300 million sperms, of which 210 million are normal in shape and 90 million show vigorous motility. Calculate the percentages and state whether the sample meets the minimum standards for normal fertility. (3 marks)

Human pregnancy lasts about 9 months (about 280 days from the last menstrual period). If the last menstrual period began on 1 January 2026, estimate the expected date of delivery. At which month are the first foetal movements usually felt? (3 marks)

A spermatogonium has 46 chromosomes. Calculate the number of chromosomes and the number of chromatids in (i) a primary spermatocyte in prophase I (ii) a secondary spermatocyte (iii) a spermatid. (3 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. A couple consulted a doctor because they could not conceive. Tests showed that the husband's sperm count was normal but very few sperms were motile. The wife's cycles were regular and she ovulated normally. (i) Why is sperm motility essential for fertilisation? (ii) Which part of the sperm provides energy for motility? (iii) Where must the sperm meet the ovum? (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. A woman had a regular 28-day cycle. In one month her period did not come on time and a home test using urine showed a positive result for a hormone produced by the developing embryo. (i) Name the hormone detected. (ii) Which structure produces it? (iii) What role does it play in maintaining pregnancy? (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. In a biology lab, a student observed a slide of a mammalian ovary. She saw follicles of different sizes, one large follicle with a fluid-filled cavity called the antrum, and a yellowish body. (i) Identify the large follicle with the antrum. (ii) Identify the yellowish body and its hormone. (iii) What happens to this yellow body if pregnancy does not occur? (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. A pregnant woman at full term was taken to hospital. Mild uterine contractions started and gradually became stronger, and the doctor said a hormone was being released that would help the baby's delivery. (i) Name the reflex that starts parturition. (ii) Name the hormone released and its source. (iii) Explain the positive feedback involved. (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. A new mother was advised to feed her baby the yellowish milk secreted in the first few days instead of discarding it, as some relatives suggested. (i) What is this milk called? (ii) Which antibody does it contain? (iii) What type of immunity does it give the baby? (5 marks)

Draw a labelled diagram of the human male reproductive system. Describe the path of sperms from the seminiferous tubules to the outside, naming the glands that add secretions. (6 marks)

Draw a labelled diagram of the human female reproductive system. Describe the structure of the uterus and the parts of the oviduct. (6 marks)

Describe spermatogenesis and oogenesis with labelled flowcharts showing chromosome numbers at each stage. (6 marks)

Explain the menstrual cycle with a labelled diagram showing ovarian and uterine events and hormone levels. Describe what happens in each phase. (6 marks)

Describe fertilisation, cleavage, blastocyst formation and implantation. Draw labelled diagrams of the morula and the blastocyst, and explain the role of the placenta. (6 marks)