Cell: Structure and Functions quiz

Cells were first observed in a thin slice of cork by:

The part of the cell that controls all its activities is the:

Which of the following is present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?

The green plastids present in the cells of leaves are called:

Which of the following is a unicellular organism?

The longest cell in the human body is the:

Finger-like projections called pseudopodia are formed by:

Organisms whose cells lack a nuclear membrane are called:

The stain commonly used to observe human cheek cells is:

Genes are located on the:

Why are cells called the building blocks of living organisms? (2 marks)

State two functions of the cell membrane. (2 marks)

Why are vacuoles larger in plant cells than in animal cells? (2 marks)

Arrange the following in order from simplest to most complex: organ, cell, organism, tissue. Define a tissue. (2 marks)

How does Amoeba capture its food? (2 marks)

What are chromosomes and what is their role? (2 marks)

How does the ability of white blood cells to change their shape help the body? (2 marks)

Why is the yolk of a hen's egg visible without a microscope, though it is a single cell? (2 marks)

What is cytoplasm? Name any two structures found in it. (2 marks)

Why are bacteria called prokaryotes? Name one other prokaryotic organism. (2 marks)

A cheek cell is viewed with a 10x eyepiece and a 40x objective. In the image it measures 24 mm across. Find the total magnification and the actual size of the cell in mm and in micrometres. (3 marks)

A bacterium divides into two every 30 minutes under ideal conditions. Starting with one bacterium, how many bacteria will there be after 3 hours? Why does this help explain how quickly an infection can spread? (3 marks)

The ostrich egg measures about 170 mm by 130 mm. (i) Express these dimensions in centimetres and in micrometres. (ii) How many bacteria, each 0.5 micrometre long, would fit side by side along the 170 mm length? (3 marks)

Under a microscope a student finds that 5 onion peel cells placed end to end span a length of 1 mm. Find the average length of one cell in micrometres. How many such cells would be needed to span 1 cm? (3 marks)

An Amoeba is about 0.5 mm across and a red blood cell is about 7 micrometres across. About how many times larger is the Amoeba? Which of the two can be seen as a tiny speck with the naked eye? (3 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. In the school laboratory, Neha peeled a thin transparent layer from the inner side of an onion scale. She placed it in a drop of water on a slide, added a drop of safranin solution and a drop of glycerine, covered it with a cover slip and observed it under a microscope. (i) Why did she take a thin, transparent peel? (ii) What were the purposes of the safranin and the glycerine? (iii) Name three parts of the cells she could see, and explain why she saw no chloroplasts. (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. Arjun compared a peel taken from a green leaf with an onion peel under the microscope. In the leaf cells he saw many small green bodies in the cytoplasm, but none in the onion cells. (i) Name the green bodies and the pigment that makes them green. (ii) Why are these bodies absent from onion bulb cells? (iii) What is the function of these green bodies in plants? (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. A drop of pond water seen under the microscope showed a tiny organism that kept changing its shape. It pushed out finger-like projections and slowly moved towards a food particle, which it then surrounded. (i) Identify the organism and name the projections it forms. (ii) State two functions of these projections. (iii) This organism consists of a single cell. Explain how it is still able to carry out all life processes. (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. In 1665, Robert Hooke examined thin slices of cork under a microscope he had made. He saw that the cork looked like a honeycomb made of many small compartments, which he named cells. (i) From which part of a plant is cork obtained? (ii) Were the cells Hooke saw living or dead? What part of the cells did he actually see? (iii) Why could cells not be discovered before the invention of the microscope? (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. A biology textbook shows three human cells side by side: a disc-shaped red blood cell, a spindle-shaped muscle cell and a long, branched nerve cell. (i) What is the main function of each of these cells? (ii) How does the shape of the nerve cell suit its function? (iii) Which type of blood cell can change its shape, and why is this useful? (5 marks)

Draw a neat labelled diagram of a plant cell. Write the function of each of the following parts: cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, chloroplast and vacuole. (6 marks)

Draw a neat labelled diagram of an animal cell. Write four differences between plant and animal cells, and explain why the plastids found in plant cells are not needed in animal cells. (6 marks)

Draw a labelled diagram of a bacterial cell showing the nucleoid region, and a labelled diagram of a eukaryotic cell showing a nucleus with a nuclear membrane. Explain the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and give two examples of each type of organism. (6 marks)

Draw a nerve cell, a red blood cell and a muscle cell. Using these and other examples, explain the variety in the number, shape and size of cells, naming the smallest and the largest cells mentioned in your textbook. (6 marks)

Describe the steps for preparing a temporary slide of human cheek cells using a clean toothpick, a drop of water, methylene blue and glycerine. Draw a labelled diagram of the cells observed, state why a stain is necessary, and list the parts of the cell that become visible. (6 marks)