Pastoralists in the Modern World quiz

The Gaddi shepherds belong to:

The Dhangars are a pastoral community of:

The Raikas live in:

The Criminal Tribes Act was passed in:

The Maasai live mainly in:

Maasailand was divided between British Kenya and German Tanganyika in:

High mountain meadows used for summer grazing are called:

Which of these is a national park in the Maasai region?

The Banjaras were known as:

Which Maasai age group was responsible for defending the community?

Why do pastoral nomads move from one place to another? (2 marks)

What is bhabar? Why did the Gaddis go there? (2 marks)

Why did the colonial state want to turn grazing land into cultivated land? (2 marks)

How did the Forest Acts affect pastoralists? (2 marks)

Why did the colonial government impose a grazing tax? (2 marks)

How did the Dhangars and farmers of the Konkan help each other? (2 marks)

Name two pastoral communities of Africa other than the Maasai. (2 marks)

Why were the Maasai confined to reserves? (2 marks)

How did the drought affect pastoralists confined to reserves? (2 marks)

How did some pastoralists cope with the loss of grazing land? (2 marks)

A Raika herder has 120 camels. He sells 25% at a fair at Rs 15,000 each. How many does he sell and how much does he earn? (3 marks)

The Serengeti National Park covers about 14,760 sq km. If grazing land of the Maasai originally covered 3 times this area, how much grazing land was there? What percentage of it was taken for the park, correct to one decimal place? (3 marks)

A Gujjar Bakarwal kafila travels 300 km from the Shivalik hills to the high meadows. If it covers 15 km a day, how many days does it take? How many days for the round trip? (3 marks)

A Maasai family had 80 cattle before a drought. During the drought, 55% died. Find the number of cattle left. If the herd then grows by 25% in one year, how many cattle will there be? (3 marks)

Maasailand was divided in 1885 and Kenya became independent in 1963. How many years passed? If the Maasai lost 60% of their land, what fraction remained, in simplest form? (3 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. In the nineteenth century, the Gujjar Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir came there in search of pastures. They moved in groups called kafila. In winter, when the high mountains were covered with snow, they lived with their herds in the low hills of the Siwalik range. (i) Why did they move to the low hills in winter? (ii) When did they move back up? (iii) What was the importance of a kafila? (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. In most areas, colonial officials saw uncultivated land as unproductive. Waste Land Rules were enacted from the mid-nineteenth century, and the land was given to select individuals who were encouraged to settle and cultivate it. (i) How did these rules affect pastoralists? (ii) Why did the British want more cultivated land? (iii) What happened to grazing grounds? (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. In 1871, the colonial government passed the Criminal Tribes Act. By this Act, many communities of craftsmen, traders and pastoralists were classified as criminal tribes. They were stated to be criminal by nature and birth. (i) Why did the British distrust nomads? (ii) What was the effect of the Act on these communities? (iii) How did it restrict their movement? (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. The Maasai lost about 60 percent of their pre-colonial lands. They were confined to an arid zone with uncertain rainfall and poor pastures. From the late nineteenth century, the British colonial government also encouraged local peasant communities to expand cultivation. (i) Why did the Maasai lose land? (ii) Where were they confined? (iii) How did this affect their herds? (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. In pre-colonial times, Maasai society was divided into elders and warriors. The elders formed the ruling group and settled disputes. The warriors defended the tribe and organised cattle raids. (i) How did the British change this system? (ii) Why were the warriors' powers reduced? (iii) How did the gap between rich and poor grow? (5 marks)

Draw a chart showing the seasonal movements of the Gaddis, Dhangars and Raikas. Explain the reasons for their movements. (6 marks)

Draw a flowchart showing the effects of colonial laws on Indian pastoralists. Explain each law. (6 marks)

On an outline map of Africa, show the Maasai lands, national parks and reserves. Explain how the Maasai lost their grazing lands. (6 marks)

Draw a table comparing the lives of Indian pastoralists and the Maasai under colonial rule. Explain the similarities and differences. (6 marks)

Draw a diagram showing how pastoral movement helps the environment. Explain why many pastoralists still move today and how they adapt. (6 marks)