Which of these statements is not a valid reason for the depletion of flora and fauna?
Which of the following conservation strategies does not directly involve community participation?
The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in:
Which state has the largest area under permanent forests?
The Asiatic cheetah is an example of a species that is:
Joint Forest Management was first started in the state of:
The Chipko movement originated in the:
Which tiger reserve is located in West Bengal?
The Bishnois of Rajasthan are known for protecting:
Which category of forests is considered the most valuable for conserving forest and wildlife resources?
What are sacred groves? Name one community that worships trees. (2 marks)
Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India. (2 marks)
Why did the villagers of Sariska fight against mining? (2 marks)
What is the Beej Bachao Andolan? (2 marks)
Name two species of plants or animals that have become extinct in India. (2 marks)
What are unclassed forests? Where are they mostly found? (2 marks)
How did colonial rule affect Indian forests? (2 marks)
Why is shifting cultivation a threat to forests? (2 marks)
Explain the role of women in conservation of forests. (2 marks)
Name two animals that have been given protection under Project Tiger's broader focus on biodiversity. (2 marks)
Study the illustrative data of forest area in a state: 2001: 60,000 sq km; 2011: 57,000 sq km; 2021: 58,500 sq km. Calculate the percentage change from 2001 to 2011 and from 2011 to 2021. What might explain the trend? (3 marks)
In a district, 1,800 sq km is under forest, of which 50% is reserved, 30% protected and the rest unclassed. Calculate the area under each type, and state which type is most valuable for conservation. (3 marks)
A forest-dependent village of 300 families collects fuelwood. Each family uses 5 kg per day. Calculate the total fuelwood used in a year (365 days) in tonnes. Suggest two alternatives that can reduce pressure on the forest. (1 tonne = 1000 kg) (3 marks)
India has about 8% of the world's species. If the world has an estimated 1.6 million species, calculate the approximate number found in India. Why is India called a megadiverse country? (3 marks)
A tiger reserve of 1,200 sq km had 60 tigers in 2010 and 90 tigers in 2022. Calculate the tiger density per 100 sq km in each year and the percentage increase in population. (3 marks)
Read the passage and answer the questions. In the 1970s, villagers in the Himalayan region of Uttarakhand protested against the commercial felling of trees by hugging them. Women played a leading role. The movement spread and successfully resisted deforestation in several areas, and also showed that community afforestation with indigenous species can be very successful. (i) Name the movement described. (ii) Why did women play a leading role? (iii) What lesson does this movement offer for forest conservation? (5 marks)
Read the passage and answer the questions. Project Tiger was launched in 1973 because the tiger population in India had fallen sharply due to poaching, shrinking habitat, depletion of prey and growing human population. Tiger reserves such as Corbett in Uttarakhand, Sunderbans in West Bengal and Bandhavgarh in Madhya Pradesh were set up. (i) Why did the tiger population decline? (ii) What was the aim of Project Tiger? (iii) Why is the tiger important for the ecosystem as a whole? (5 marks)
Read the passage and answer the questions. In Odisha, the state government passed a resolution in 1988 under which local communities help in protecting degraded forests. In return, they get benefits such as non-timber forest produce and a share in the timber harvested. (i) Name the programme described. (ii) How do local communities benefit from it? (iii) Why is this programme considered a good model of conservation? (5 marks)
Read the passage and answer the questions. The Buxa Tiger Reserve in West Bengal is seriously threatened by ongoing dolomite mining. Large-scale mining disturbs the natural habitat of many species and blocks the migration routes of animals such as the great Indian elephant. (i) How does mining threaten wildlife? (ii) Name another developmental activity that has damaged forests. (iii) Suggest a way to balance mining and conservation. (5 marks)
Read the passage and answer the questions. Many tribal communities in India believe that certain trees are sacred. The Mundas and the Santhals of Chota Nagpur region worship mahua and kadamba trees, and the tribals of Odisha and Bihar worship tamarind and mango trees during weddings. Many villages have sacred groves where no tree can be cut. (i) What are sacred groves? (ii) How do such beliefs help conservation? (iii) Name a community in Rajasthan known for protecting wildlife. (5 marks)
Describe the different categories of existing plant and animal species according to the IUCN, giving two Indian examples of each. Draw a chart of the classification. (6 marks)
Describe the negative factors that cause the fearful depletion of flora and fauna in India: agricultural expansion, colonial forestry, river valley projects, mining, shifting cultivation and overpopulation. Draw a mind map of these factors. (6 marks)
Explain the steps taken by the Indian government to conserve forests and wildlife, including the Wildlife (Protection) Act, Project Tiger, national parks and sanctuaries, and classification of forests. On an outline map of India, mark any three national parks or tiger reserves. (6 marks)
Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India, with examples of the Chipko movement, Sariska, the Bishnois, sacred groves, Beej Bachao Andolan and Joint Forest Management. (6 marks)
Distinguish between reserved, protected and unclassed forests. Name the states with large areas of each. Why should forests be conserved? Draw a pie chart showing the share of reserved, protected and unclassed forests in a state with 50%, 30% and 20% of forest area respectively. (6 marks)
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