Which of the following is not a feature of an MNC?
Liberalisation of the Indian economy began in:
The World Trade Organisation was set up in:
Which of the following is an Indian company that has become an MNC?
A tax on imports is called:
Cargill Foods, an American MNC, bought over which Indian company?
Globalisation has led to improvement in the living conditions of:
Which of the following has most helped the rapid spread of globalisation?
Special Economic Zones are set up to:
Which of the following industries was hit hard by competition after globalisation?
Why do MNCs set up offices and factories in regions where they get cheap labour and other resources? (2 marks)
How does foreign trade lead to integration of markets across countries? (2 marks)
What is meant by trade barriers? Why did the Indian government put them up after independence? (2 marks)
Give two benefits of globalisation to Indian consumers. (2 marks)
How has globalisation affected the working conditions of workers in the garment industry? (2 marks)
What are Special Economic Zones? State two facilities they provide. (2 marks)
How has information technology helped in globalisation? (2 marks)
Why did the Indian government remove trade barriers in 1991? (2 marks)
What is a joint venture? Give an example of how it benefits a local company. (2 marks)
Why do developed countries want developing countries to liberalise their trade? (2 marks)
A car company produces cars in India at a cost of Rs 4,00,000 each and exports 20,000 cars a year at Rs 5,00,000 each. Calculate its total cost, total revenue and profit from exports in a year. (3 marks)
An Indian textile exporter receives an order for 50,000 shirts from a foreign buyer at USD 6 per shirt. If 1 USD = Rs 83, calculate the value of the order in rupees. If production costs are Rs 400 per shirt, calculate the profit. (3 marks)
The illustrative import duty on a product was 40% in 1990 and 10% in 2010. For an imported product costing Rs 10,000 before duty, calculate the final cost in each year. What effect would this reduction have on domestic producers? (3 marks)
In a town, 200 small battery makers employed 20 workers each before globalisation. After competition from MNCs, only 120 units survived with the same workforce. Calculate the number of jobs lost and the percentage of units that shut down. (3 marks)
A company in Bengaluru provides IT services to a US firm. It employs 2,000 engineers, each earning Rs 9,00,000 a year, and the US firm pays the company Rs 300 crore a year. Calculate the total salary bill and the company's gross margin. (1 crore = 1,00,00,000) (3 marks)
Read the passage and answer the questions. Ravi is a small industrialist who runs a company producing capacitors in Hosur, Tamil Nadu. After the government removed barriers on the import of capacitors, Ravi's company faced stiff competition from cheaper imported capacitors from other countries. His orders fell, and he had to reduce the number of workers from 100 to 70. (i) Why did Ravi's company face competition? (ii) How did globalisation affect workers in his company? (iii) What could the government do to help small producers like Ravi? (5 marks)
Read the passage and answer the questions. Garment exporters in India supply large MNCs in Europe and America. The MNCs demand low prices, high quality and timely delivery. To cut costs, the exporters hire workers on a temporary basis, pay low wages and make them work long hours, including night shifts during peak season. (i) Why do garment exporters try to cut labour costs? (ii) What is meant by 'flexibility' in labour laws? (iii) Suggest two measures to protect the rights of such workers. (5 marks)
Read the passage and answer the questions. A large American MNC, Cargill Foods, bought over Parakh Foods, a small Indian company with a large marketing network and a well-known brand. Cargill is now one of the largest producers of edible oil in India. (i) Which method of expanding production did Cargill use? (ii) What benefits did Cargill get from buying Parakh Foods? (iii) How might this affect small oil producers in India? (5 marks)
Read the passage and answer the questions. Over the last few decades, several Indian companies such as Tata Motors (automobiles), Infosys (IT), Ranbaxy (medicines), Asian Paints and Sundaram Fasteners have spread their operations worldwide. Globalisation has created new opportunities for companies providing services, particularly in IT. (i) How have Indian companies benefited from globalisation? (ii) Name two IT-enabled services provided by Indian companies. (iii) Why are these companies called MNCs? (5 marks)
Read the passage and answer the questions. The World Trade Organisation (WTO) aims to liberalise international trade. Though it allows free trade for all, in practice developed countries have unfairly retained trade barriers. They pay large subsidies to their farmers, while developing countries are forced to remove trade barriers. (i) What is the main aim of the WTO? (ii) How do farm subsidies in developed countries hurt farmers in developing countries? (iii) Why is there a demand for fair trade rules? (5 marks)
What is globalisation? Explain the role of MNCs in the globalisation process. Describe four ways in which MNCs set up or control production in other countries, with examples. (6 marks)
Explain the factors that have enabled globalisation: technology, liberalisation of foreign trade and investment, and international organisations like the WTO. Draw a flowchart showing how these factors are linked. (6 marks)
Describe the impact of globalisation on India, with examples of benefits for consumers and Indian companies, and problems for small producers and workers. Draw a table in words showing gainers and losers. (6 marks)
What was the purpose of trade barriers in India after independence? Why were they removed in 1991? Explain the process of liberalisation and its effects on the Indian economy. (6 marks)
What is fair globalisation? Explain the role of the government, people's organisations and international negotiations in ensuring fair globalisation. Draw a poster with the slogan 'Globalisation for All'. (6 marks)
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