The Age of Industrialisation quiz

Who improved the steam engine made by Newcomen and patented it in 1781?

The first cotton mill in Bombay was set up in:

The spinning jenny was invented by:

The paid servants appointed by the East India Company to supervise weavers were called:

Which port on the Coromandel coast was important for Indian textile trade before the 1750s?

The first Indian jute mill was set up in Calcutta in 1917 by:

Tata Iron and Steel Works was set up at Jamshedpur in:

Which industry was the most dynamic in Britain in the early phase of industrialisation?

Who among the following made a fortune in the China trade and set up six joint-stock companies in Bengal?

Proto-industrialisation was based in the:

Why did merchants from towns in Europe turn to the countryside in the seventeenth century? (2 marks)

Why did the spread of new technology in Britain take time? (2 marks)

What was the condition of workers in Victorian Britain? (2 marks)

Why did the demand for Indian textiles decline in the nineteenth century? (2 marks)

What was the importance of the jobber in Indian factories? (2 marks)

How did Indian merchants make money before setting up industries? (2 marks)

Why did European managing agencies mainly invest in tea, coffee, jute and mining? (2 marks)

How did advertisements help create new consumers? (2 marks)

Why did the weavers of India face problems getting raw cotton? (2 marks)

How did the Swadeshi movement help Indian industries? (2 marks)

In 1850, cotton piece-goods made up 31% of the value of Indian imports; by the 1870s they made up over 50%. Calculate the increase in percentage points. What does this show? (3 marks)

By 1862 four cotton mills were working in Bombay with 94,000 spindles and 2,150 looms. Calculate the average number of spindles and looms per mill. (3 marks)

A handloom weaver using a fly shuttle increased his daily output from 4 metres to 6 metres of cloth. Calculate the percentage increase. If the cloth sold for Rs 2 per metre, calculate the extra daily income. (3 marks)

A Victorian factory employed 120 workers in summer, but in winter 40% were laid off. Calculate the number of workers in winter. Why was work seasonal in many industries? (3 marks)

Arrange in chronological order: Ahmedabad's first cotton mill (1861), the Elgin Mill in Kanpur (1860s), the first spinning and weaving mill in Madras (1874), the first jute mill in Bengal (1855). Calculate the gap between the first jute mill and the Madras mill. (3 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, merchants from the towns in Europe began moving to the countryside, supplying money to peasants and artisans, persuading them to produce for an international market. With the expansion of world trade and the acquisition of colonies, the demand for goods began growing. But merchants could not expand production within towns because of powerful urban crafts and trade guilds. (i) Why could merchants not expand production in towns? (ii) How did the cottagers benefit? (iii) What was this system called? (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. In Victorian Britain there was no shortage of human labour. Poor peasants and vagrants moved to the cities in large numbers in search of jobs. In many industries the demand for labour was seasonal. In gas works and breweries, work was busy through the cold months. Book binders and printers catering to Christmas demand needed extra hands before December. (i) Why did industrialists not want to introduce machines? (ii) Why was work seasonal? (iii) How did the arrival of the spinning jenny affect women workers? (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. Before the age of machine industries, silk and cotton goods from India dominated the international market in textiles. Coarser cotton was produced in many countries, but the finer varieties often came from India. Armenian and Persian merchants took the goods from Punjab to Afghanistan, eastern Persia and Central Asia. (i) Name two pre-colonial ports of India. (ii) Why did these ports decline? (iii) How did the East India Company change the system of trade? (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. The early entrepreneurs in India were often involved in trade with China. Dwarkanath Tagore made his fortune in the China trade and invested in industry, setting up six joint-stock companies in the 1830s and 1840s. In Bombay, Parsis like Dinshaw Petit and Jamsetjee Nusserwanjee Tata, who built a huge industrial empire, accumulated their wealth partly from exports to China. (i) How did Indian industrialists accumulate capital? (ii) Name two industrialists from Bombay. (iii) Why was it difficult for Indian merchants to trade with Europe? (5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions. Till the First World War, industrial growth was slow. The war created a dramatically new situation. With British mills busy with war production to meet the needs of the army, Manchester imports into India declined. Suddenly, Indian mills had a vast home market to supply. As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs: jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents and leather boots. (i) Why did Manchester imports decline during the war? (ii) How did Indian industries benefit? (iii) Why could Manchester never recapture its old position in India after the war? (5 marks)

What was proto-industrialisation? Explain how the system worked and why merchants turned to the countryside. Draw a flowchart of the system. (6 marks)

Describe the coming up of factories in Britain. Why was the pace of industrial change slow? Explain the role of the cotton and metal industries. (6 marks)

Explain how the East India Company established a monopoly over Indian textile trade. How were weavers affected by the coming of Manchester goods? (6 marks)

Describe the growth of factories in India from the 1850s to the First World War. Who were the early entrepreneurs, and what was the role of jobbers? (6 marks)

How did industrial goods create markets in India? Explain the role of advertisements and labels, and the survival of small-scale industries. Draw a timeline of Indian industrialisation. (6 marks)